Waterloo Bridge

The following images were taken from Waterloo Bridge over the span of more than ten years, and are intended to give a glimpse of how the London skyline had changed over this period. This includes a number of tall buildings in the City of London but also across the river in Southwark.

The first photo was taken on 4 April 2009: Few new towers had emerged on the skyline since the completion of the Gherkin (30 St Mary Axe) by Norman Foster in 2003, but several high-rises from the 60s and 70s had recently been demolished to pave the way for a new generation of towers. Also, the Willis Building in Lime Street had been completed to a design by Foster in 2008 and the concrete-clad Stock Exchange Tower by Trollope and Colls from 1972 had been refaced with a glass curtain wall in the same year. 

The tallest building in the City was still Tower 42 from 1971-80 by Richard Seifert, which was also London's tallest until the completion of One Canada Square at Canary Wharf in 1990 (seen in the distance). The tower on the other side of the river, also by Seifert, was completed in 1972 and was still known as King's Reach Tower in 2009.

The next photo was taken in 2011, shortly after the completion of Heron Tower, where construction had been ongoing since 2007. The tower was originally intended at the same height as Tower 42, at 183 metres, and the two towers almost appear as twins from this angle despite the Heron Tower eventually being extended to 202 metres to the roof and 230 metres to the tip of the antenna. The design was by architects Kohn Pedersen Fox.

Just to the left of King's Reach Tower in Southwark can be seen the rising core of what was to become the tallest building in London. The Shard or London Bridge Tower had been under construction since March 2009.

The Shard was nearing completion by early 2012 while a new tower was already making its mark on the skyline. Construction of 20 Fenchurch Street, nicknamed the Walkie Talkie, had begun in January 2009 to a design by architect Rafael Vinoly. It replaced a 91-metre tower from 1968 by William Rogers, which had been demolished in 2008.

The demolition of Bucklersbury House from 1954-58 by architects Owen-Campbell Jones and Sons also opened up a better view of the Rothschild Building by Rem Koolhaas, which was completed in 2010. Also part of this cluster of mini-towers are the Willis Building and the former headquarters of Barclays Bank (1990-94) by GMW architects.

The 306-metre Shard was completed in July 2012, roughly 12 years after entrepreneur Irvine Sellar met with architect Renzo Piano to discuss the redevelopment of the site, then occupied by the high-rise Southwark Towers from 1975. By 3 November 2012, a new tower was also becoming visible as part of the City cluster, the Cheesegrater.

The Cheesegrater, also known as 122 Leadenhall Street, had just been completed when this photo was taken on 12 July 2014, only two months after the completion of the Walkie Talkie. The former was designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners and replaced a previous high-rise from 1969, which had been demolished in 2008. The King's Reach Tower had been renamed the South Bank Tower in 2013 and plans were approved to extend the tower from 111 metres to 155 to a new design by Kohn Pedersen Fox.

The revamp of the South Bank Tower had been completed in 2015, while the new tower One Blackfriars was beginning to impact the Southwark skyline when this photo was taken on 16 May 2016. Designed by SimpsonHaugh and Partners, the tower was scheduled for completion in 2018, at a height of 163 metres. The 90-metre 240 Blackfriars was completed across the road in 2014 by architects Allford Hall Monaghan Morris.

The glass cladding on One Blackfriars was starting to come along when this photo was taken on 8 January 2017. Another core had also started to rise in the City on the other side of the river. This is 52-42 Lime Street, nicknamed the Scalpel and built to a design by Kohn Pedersen Fox.

The last in the series was taken on 10 July 2019. One Blackfriars on the South Bank had been completed for some time. The cluster of towers in the City is now dominated by 22 Bishopsgate, a 278-metre tower which began construction in late 2016. Demolition at the site began already in 2007 and the plan at that time was to build a 288m tower named the Pinnacle. This scheme was abandoned in 2013 and the site was re-sold. PLP Architects designed the new tower that was actually built.

Westminster

The Jewel Tower was built in 1365-66 as part of the royal palace of Westminster. It was built to house the personal treasure of Edward III and continued to be used as a treasury until the royal palace was moved to Whitehall in 1512. It was used to house parliamentary records in the 17th and 18th centuries and some building work was completed during that period. The tower was originally crenellated and surrounded with a moat. Its one of the few vestiges of the palace of Westminster that existed before the fire of 1834.

The Henry VII's Chapel was built from 1503 to about 1512 and replaced a previous Lady Chapel from 1220 at the east end of Westminster Abbey. The design may have been by brothers Robert and William Vertue, who specialised in fan vault ceilings and had worked as masons on Westminster Abbey. They were also involved in projects at Bath Abbey, Greenwich Palace and St. George's Chapel in Windsor. Another possibility for the design is a royal master mason named Robert Janyns the younger, who also worked at Windsor Castle and Richmond Palace.

The tomb of Henry VII from 1512-18 by Florentine sculptor Pietro Torrigiano is considered one of the first renaissance designs in England. Torrigiano also built an altar, retable and canopy for the chapel, and fragments of this work remain though much of it was destroyed by puritans in the 17th century.

Ashburnham House was built in the 1660s, incorporating the remains of the old Prior's house of Westminster Abbey and the monks' refectory, where the House of Commons met in the 13th century. The design of the house has been attributed to Inigo Jones or his pupil John Webb, but the architect is now more commonly believed to have been William Samwell. The house has been property of Westminster School since 1882 and is located in Little Dean's Yard, which is a private gated yard.